media avoidance Essay -- essays research papers

In my regular day to day existence I utilize a wide range of media, they extend from satellite TV, Internet, radio, and the paper. For myself media, is the structure and innovation I use to get and impart data. The various types of media I was attempting to maintain a strategic distance from were satellite TV, the web and radio. I assumed if I could maintain a strategic distance from those things I would do well in staying away from most clear types of broad communications. What I understood as I started this entire experience this entire experience is that the broad communications is a significant if not the most significant piece of my regular day to day existence. I use it for nearly all that I do and it encompasses me. On my first day of keeping away from the media, which was on a Saturday, my arrangement going into was not check my email, not sit in front of the TV and not tune in to the radio. This was not as simple as I suspected, that morning when I woke up my first nature was to check my email. After I couldn’t do that I felt this nervousness that I was passing up something. Be that as it may, I did without, and had the option to get the opportunity to work without perusing the paper or tuning in to the radio. It was simple for me to stay away from media at work since I work at Enterprise Rent-A-Car and everything I do there is register individuals with vehicles and drive around the city throughout the day. In the event that I don’t turn on the radio when I’m driving vehicles, at that point I basically stay away from most media. The main issue I had at work is the point at which I would talk a few clients and they would discuss things they heard in the news, sports etcâ₠¬ ¦ and I could...

Marketing Strategy Essay

While there’s merit in assessing the system from a subjective point of view (its culmination, interior consistency, justification, and importance), the best quantitative proof of how well a company’s technique is functioning originates from its outcome. The more grounded a company’s current in general execution, the more uncertain the requirement for radical changes in methodology. The more vulnerable a company’s monetary execution and market standing, the more its present methodology must be addressed. Associations prevail in a serious commercial center as time goes on in light of the fact that they can do certain things their clients esteem superior to their rivals e. offering better quality items with less expensive costs. First we should comprehend what is the present system the organization is actualizing now; 1. A minimal effort pioneer strategy:â striving to be the general ease supplier of an item or administration that interests to a wide scope of clients ie;focus on being the most reduced cost supplier e. g Lidyl, and tal-Lira. 2. An expansive separation strategy:â seeking to separate the company’s item contributions from rivals’ in manners that will speak to a wide scope of purchasers I. they need to separate from their opponents ie by offering something else eg, Apple and Rolex as an esteem brand, Dr. Pepper with an alternate taste, Wal-Mart with worth and more for your cash. 3. A best-cost supplier strategy:â giving clients more incentive for the cash by underscoring both minimal effort and upscale distinction, the objective being to keep expenses and costs lower than those of different suppliers of practically identical quality and highlights (two or three models are the Honda and Toyota vehicle organizations with consumer loyalty appraisals that rival those of significantly more costly vehicles). . An engaged, or market-specialty, procedure dependent on lower cost:â concentrating on a limited purchaser section and outcompeting rivals based on lower cost (The Gap is a genuine model). An engaged, or market-specialty, procedure dependent on differentiation:â offering specialty individuals an item or administration modified to their preferences and prerequisites [examples are Rolls-Royce (sells predetermined number of very good quality, exceptionally manufactured vehicles) and men’s large and tall shops (sell standard styles to a restricted market with explicit necessities) I. they expect to concentrate on a specific objective market eg developments at madliena focusing on high class individuals, or do they attempt to be the best cost supplier ie offering some incentive for cash items. Ways to deal with surveying how well the current procedure is functioning Qualitative assessement †Is the system effectively thought out, is it all around thought ie The methodology ought to be steady with the vision and strategic the organization, it ought to be in accordance with the present market patterns. Quantitative assessement †It is the proportion of profit for complete venture, Is the system being executed bringing about higher benefits for the organization? This implies a decent technique should bring about an above industry execution. Key Indicators of How Well the Strategy is Working See the pattern in deals/piece of the overall industry Acquiring/holding new clients Detecting how well is your picture and notoriety and in general money related strenghth Question 2. What Are the Company’s Resource Strength and Weaknesses and Its External Opportunities and Threats? SWOT examination gives a decent outline of whether the company’s generally circumstance is on a very basic level sound or undesirable. A top notch SWOT examination gives the premise to creating a system that benefits from the company’s assets, points solidly at catching the company’s best chances, and shields against the dangers to its wll-being. An asset qualities is something an organization is acceptable at doing or a characteristic that improves its intensity in the commercial center. Asset qualities can take any of these structures: an ability a territory of specific mastery, or a seriously significant capacity, important physical resources, important human resources and scholarly capital, significant hierarchical resources, significant elusive resources, an accomplishment or property that sets the organization in a place of market advantage. A competence(abilta li jaghmlu xi haga ahjar minn kumpaniji ohra) is a movement that an organization has figured out how to perform well. It is about consistently the result of understanding, speaking to a collection of learning and the development of capability in playing out an inside action. A center capability is a seriously significant action that an organization performs superior to other inside exercises. A particular skill is a seriously significant action that an organization perfoms better than its adversaries †it in this manner speaks to a seriously prevalent asset quality. The serious intensity of an asset quality is estimated by these four tests: is the asset actually seriously significant? Is the asset quality uncommon? Is the asset quality difficult to duplicate? Will the asset quality be bested by substitute asset qualities and serious capacities? Seriously important asset qualities and skills require the utilization of an asset based system. Center idea of Resource-based technique is that it utilizes a company’s significant assets qualities and serious abilities to convey an incentive to clients in manners rivals think that its hard to coordinate, encouraged to pass on a specific industry opportunity except if the organization has or can procure the assets to catch it. It is management’s employment to distinguish the dangers to the company’s possibilities and to assess what vital moves can be made to kill or reduce their effect. SWOT examination are drawing conslusions from the SWOT postings about the company’s by and large circumstance, and making an interpretation of these conslusions into key activities to more readily coordinate the company’s methodology to its asset qualities and market openings, to address the significant shortcomings, and to protect against outer dangers. The last bit of SWOT investigation is to decipher the analysis of the company’s circumstance into activities for improving the company’s technique and business possibilities. What are the company’s asset qualities and shortcomings, and its outside circumstances and dangers? A SWOT investigation gives a diagram of a firm’s circumstance and is a fundamental segment of creating a procedure firmly coordinated to the company’s circumstance. The two most significant pieces of SWOT investigation are (1) making inferences about what story the accumulation of qualities, shortcomings, openings, and dangers tells about the company’s in general circumstance, and (2) following up on those ends to all the more likely match the company’s methodology, to its asset qualities and market openings, to address the significant shortcomings, and to guard against outside dangers. A company’s asset qualities, abilities, and serious capacities are deliberately significant in light of the fact that they are the most legitimate and engaging structure hinders for system; asset shortcomings are significant in light of the fact that they may speak to vulnerabilities that need adjustment. Outer chances and dangers become an integral factor on the grounds that a decent technique fundamentally targets catching a company’s most alluring chances and at protecting against dangers to its prosperity. A quality is something a firm does well that improves its seriousness eg alliancing. Organization Competencies and Capabilities Competencies are thought to be the company’s significant assets Competency †A competency is anything a business progresses nicely. A business may have various capabilities. For instance an assembling organization may be amazingly effective in keeping its number of deformities per thousand units created incredibly low. The Companies Competencies and Capabilities originate from aptitudes, mastery, and experience (esperjenza li kibbret maz-zmien as a rule speaking to a gathering of learning after some time and slow development of genuine capability in playing out a movement. I. e il-kumpetenza ta kumpanija tigi through the development of playing out the movement ghax taghmel l-istess attivita kontinwament u l-esperjenzi li jkollha matul l-activities taghha) Core Competency †A center competency is a competency of the business that is basic to it s general execution and achievement. On the off chance that this organization held itself out to the market as a dependable maker of value items, this could without much of a stretch be a center competency, on the grounds that the capacity to reliably give quality items is a key to its plan of action. (Center ability tfisser l kompetenza ta xi kumpanija li hija centrali ghall-kumpanija, fejn permezz ta clamor ilkompetenza se tikkumbatti tajjeb lil contenders l ohra u se tiddistingwixxi ruhha minn mama kumpaniji ohrajn. Importanti li commotion il kompetenza tkun giet through l-esperjenza tal haddiema eg. Jien immur ghand Toni & Guy ghax jogghobni il-way kif jaqta’ x-xaghar, immure ghand dak ir-eatery ghax jaghmel ricetti tajbin tal-cabin, mastery in coordinating different advances to make new items. ) Distinctive Competency eg Toyota (minimal effort great assembling of engine vehicles and Starbucks †imaginative espresso beverages and store atmosphere A particular competency is any competency that recognizes an organization from its rivals. A particular competency is commonly a center competency that genuinely recognizes an organization from the remainder of the opposition. For instance, one of Google’s unmistakable skills is its name acknowledgment and status as the most well known web index. This competency is difficult for contenders to mirror and separates Google from the remainder of the market (Distinctive fitness of a firm alludes to a lot of exercises or capacities that an organization can perform better than its rivals and which gives it a bit of leeway over them. Particular ability can lie in various ar

Recollections of a Stranded Traveler

Recollections of a Stranded Traveler Amidst a Dali-esque landscape of finals-related drudgery and holiday travel rushes (think The Persistence of Memory, but imagine unfinished exams underneath the melting clocks), there resides a species of creative insanity native to jungles clotted around the siren shores of Winter Break. Take the mental hyperactivity characteristic of MIT kids, infuse it with end-of-semester jitteriness, and observe the stress-killing antics that bubble up during Finals Week. By “antics,” I mean something as innocuous as: 1.The Fruitcake Scare. An anecdote: the Friday before last, my roommate received a package in the mail labeled only as “Maxwells Equations in a Vacuum.” Nary a mark of the senders identity was uncovered, but a decoding of the serial numbers on the packaging produced a phone number with a California area code. Further sleuthing, by which I mean picking up the phone and dialing said number, revealed that the causal agent was my roommates uncle. Even further sleuthing, by which I mean opening the box, revealed that “Maxwells Equations in a Vaccuum” is an esoteric euphemism for “Fruitcake that will sustain you for two days in case of a nuclear attack.” Mystery resolved, the fruitcake was donated to Random Hall and East Campus, to be divided unequally amongst 400 or so residents. 2.The Choir Party in Random Halls Stairwell. At MIT circa Finals Week, people tend to pack studying into their nights like dried nuts and figs into a slab of Maxwells Equations in a Vacuum. Certain events, however, tend to stick out like careless marshmallows in an otherwise high-density period of info-cramming. Par example: one of MITs best A capella groups decided to have a midnight party in Randoms stairwell, complete with a bout of feisty and impressively in-tune serenading. Four floors of residents rushed into the well of stairs to soak up the rising founts of ambrosia for the ears, by which I mean Rick Astleys “Never Gonna Give You Up.” (Winner of Yans Blog Award for Most Unforgettable Live-Action Rickroll of 2008) 3.Snow. Or, as Californians call it, Apocalypse Now. At 11:00 PM on Tuesday, I closed my biology notes in a sleepthirsty stupor and was preparing to dive into unexplored levels of springiness within the expanse of my mattress when I accidentally glanced out the window. I ditched the nap. Apparently, it was not difficult to overstate my enthusiasm. With the power of my Jedi mind tricks, I eventually cajoled a few friends upstairs into risking life and pajama-clad limb on the roofdeck, where we duked out our grievances in a gaspingly brief snowball fight. Bright slivers of our (for now) infinite youth blurred in the radioactive sheen of green lamplight, amplified by the iridescent snowfall. The sharp, sudden blast of viridescent ice against my face made for a virile sensory cocktail that stayed in my nerves throughout finals week. It was the first authentic, card-carrying snowfall of the year, and the chill was as unforgettable as your first Rickroll. (Myself, post-collision with a wad of snow.) 4.The baking, creaming, cheesecaking, and supercooling* of desserts for the entire dorm every night for 20 days. A few weeks ago, a more ambitious version of myself asked the blogosphere to write in with their favorite dessert concoctions. After careful self-evaluation of my laziness as well as my troubled diplomatic relations with The Oven (no worries, the toaster and I have a stable alliance), I decided to go with Coleens suggestion of Chocolate Peppermint Pinwheel Cookies. However, as a materials scientist, I grappled with the concept of two distinct compositions (chocolate and peppermint/sugar) exhibiting pinwheel-shaped phase separation. Boggled, I decided to forego the pinwheel-engineering and just left the peppermint and chocolate to phase separate according to density and the initial degree of intermixing**. Voila: Cookies That Are Compositionally Identical to But Structurally Distinct From Chocolate Peppermint Pinwheel Cookies Due to Lack of Dough Engineering. Thats a catchy name if I ever heard one. *Liquid nitrogen ice cream is one of Random Halls culinary specialties. **Meaning that I just chucked a bunch of chocolate and crushed candy canes into a bowl with your standard cookie ingredients. Although tasty, the outcome was blatantly unstructural and fell apart faster than a highway pass made of biscotti and airplane glue. I heard that the civil engineering majors refused to eat them on principle. Nonetheless, the (deconstructed) cookies were gone faster than a U-haul on a highway pass made of biscotti and airplane glue. Batch #2 exhibited improved structural properties. Quoth my email to the dorm: From: Yan To: Random Hall Date: Friday, Dec. 19 at 11:30 PM Subject: Cookies Version 2.0 on BMF Kitchen Critical analysis of our previous methods (Zhu and Gao, 2008) revealed that the cause of structural failure in last nights DDNS cookies was perturbation of the dough before complete solidification was achieved following the heating cycle. We believe that this resulted in the formation of extensive microstructural defects, creating a brittle solid with weak mechanical properties. Slight modifications to the procedure were undertaken in preparation of the second batch, which yielded satisfactory results. We present samples for your review in BMF kitchen. -Yan Quoth the camera: 5.A hack for sore eyes, lovingly placed in plain sight of the Infinite Corridor. Two days after the Finale of Finals, I woke up at 7:30 AM next to a packed suitcase and the unearthly stillness of Random-Hall-minus-Random-Residents. Unperturbed by the usual sounds of footsteps upstairs or the last strains of a videogaming session that had spilled past sunrise, I passed through the morning pre-flight rituals, downed the last of my soymilk, flipped open my laptop for a last-minute surf, and saw this: The night before, this happened: Which resulted in this: After a coup staged by inclement weather, utter chaos reigned over the Boston travel scene. Flights were canceled en masse, passengers relegated from standby to standby faster than cows passing through a meat processing factory. Unable to make human contact by phone, much like E.T., I finally hauled self and luggage down to the subway station at 10 AM, hopped off at the airport neath the blizzardin skies, and lounged in line for around an hour to rebook a flight. As of this posting, MIT is still honored with my presence. Also, schlepping through the disheveled, unshoveled snow with luggage ranks amongst my worst experiences of the semester. Outside of snowball fights, I prefer to experience snow through a lens and a pane of window glass. Luckily, my beloved neighbor Jing 10 is staying at MIT until after Christmas and has been providing shelter for Wellesley friends scattered to the cold, Bostonian winds by the American Airlines Diaspora. Thus far, weve been chillaxing, eating grapes, drinking buckets of tea, and watching profoundly atrocious movies in the basement theatre while swapping tales of our wasted youth in Logan airport. Jing baked cookies last night and the world glowed with soft, chocolatey warmth. American Airlines, you can take away the sweetness of my freedom to travel, but you cant take away the sweetness of cookies, which contain glucose, which is sweet in a non-metaphorical way, which is dependent on neurobiological sensory wiring, which you cant alter by canceling flights. I rest my case. Someday, my plane will descend from the heavens like a silver-winged messiah of the airline industry, bearing forth the overpriced gospel of SkyMall. Until then, I plan to start a business in manufacturing custom-made LOLcats with the help of my feline floormate, Pepper. First order of business: I can haz boarding pass?

Overview of Noncount Nouns in English Grammar

A noncount noun is a  noun (such as oxygen, music, furniture, steam) that refers to something which cant be counted or divided. Also known as a mass noun. Contrast with count noun. With a few exceptions, noncount nouns take singular verbs and are used only in the singular. Many nouns have both countable and non-countable uses, such as the countable dozen eggs and the non-countable idiom egg on his face. Examples and Observations Arm in arm, the King and Bartholomew went down to the counting room to count out the gold. (Dr. Seuss,  The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins. Vanguard, 1938) Keep all trash and garbage away from your cat, and your cat out of trash cans and garbage bins. (Wendy Christensen, Outwitting Cats. Lyons Press, 2004) She considered, maybe for the first time, how lucky she was to be able to pick up the phone and call her mother whenever she needed some bad advice. (Brady Udall, The Lonely Polygamist. W.W. Norton, 2010) The novel manufactured to entertain great multitudes of people must be considered exactly like a cheap soap or a cheap perfume, or cheap furniture. (Willa Cather, The Novel Demeuble. The Editor, August 26, 1922) I read the news today, oh boy,about a lucky man who made the grade,and though the news was rather sad,well I just had to laugh. (John Lennon and Paul McCartney, A Day in the Life. Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, 1967) Types of Noncount Nouns That May or May Not Take Determiners - Abstractions: democracy, education, health, knowledge, loveAn education is of utmost importance.Education is crucial to economic security.- Groups of things: clothing, equipment, garbage, homework, money, trafficThe homework for French class is time-consuming.I spend a lot of time doing homework.- Substances: air, blood, coffee, ice, rice, tea, water, woodThis tea is watery.She prefers tea for breakfast. (Cheryl Glenn and Loretta S. Gray, The Hodges Harbrace Handbook, 18th ed. Wadsworth, 2013)   [T]here is a resolute sadness between X and me that our marriage is over, a sadness that does not feel sad. (Richard Ford, The Sportswriter. Vintage, 1986)​ Noncount Nouns and Indefinite Articles Some noncount nouns accept the indefinite article when they are modified . . ., e.g.: They are doing a brisk business. (NOT * a business.)​ In some cases no modification seems to be required. In the following example, however, modification is in fact implied:​ She has had an education. [a good education] (Randolph Quirk et al., A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Longman, 1985)   How do you go to a woman who lives at the foot of a mountain of sadness and shovel more around her ankles, the sadnesses of strangers? (Rick Bragg, All Over but the Shoutin. Random House, 1999) Quantifying Noncount Nouns What about a loaf of bread or a slice of bread? Arent these count nouns? The noncount noun, e.g. bread is still a noncount noun. What has happened is that we have added a quantifiying phrase, a loaf or a slice, before the noncount noun, bread.Many noncount nouns can be quantified, that is made countable, by adding certain phrases before them: a grain of sand, three bottles of water, a piece of advice. When one of these phrases comes before a noun, we call the entire group of words a noun phrase. (Andrea DeCapua, Grammar for Teachers: A Guide to American English for Native and Non-native Speakers. Springer, 2008) Noncount Nouns and Mass Nouns Non-count nouns are often called mass nouns. We have preferred non-count, in part because it reflects clearly the test we use for determining whether a noun is count or non-count, in part because mass is not suitable for the full range of non-count nouns. The term mass is readily applicable with nouns like water or coal that denote substances but it is less evident that it applies transparently to abstract non-count nouns such as knowledge, spelling, work. (Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey Pullum, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge University Press, 2002)

Intro to Sociology - 1167 Words

Intro to Sociology – 1/28 Book: Sidewalk by Dunier Available in NYU Bookstore March 13 – Midterm Exam 30% of Grade May 15 – Final Exam (8 in the Morning) Courses are central to the idea of concept ideas. Readings and course as whole might test hypothesis like pink Floyd, Another Brick in the Wall (No M/C, small essays). What is a Social Science? Empirical, Systematic, Conceptual. There are other realms that people think like how people believe what a society is; i.e religion, theology - tests ethics of morality. Philosophy tries to derive truths about social relationships by deducing premises as opposed to social science. Empirical means evidence is based on experience, instead of having holy text,†¦show more content†¦Smart? We know our context Is this triangle time? There was this girl who was studying 4th grade students. The teacher held an object and asked â€Å"what is this?† These students were shouting out answers. Some answered a â€Å"sail of a sailboat, A block, etc. â€Å" These answers are correct and incorrect. The true answer was the answer that should be given now. The answer was a triangle. If this was an art class., these would acceptable creative classes, but because Ms. Jones was teaching geometric concepts. The answer was a triangle. The right answer is the capacity is to know the social concept without doing the thinking. Just knowing that this was a triangle, then that is a talented child. Microscope to the Child Consciousness. Macroscope on Soc 1, Cantor: Social Class: Where did we come from? Hierarchy? (Domination?) Professor is always top. We are a brick in the wall. It is because of the bureaucratic way of NYU that allows this. Government :(grants, loans, civil liberties, no guns). Environment: just right (70-74 degrees) In NYU Accra, the temperature does not get regulated like here. This isn’t a night club, but a proper environment for learning. Corporations: Trustees, donations (who is Mr. Cantor and Mrs. Cantor?) The Sociological Imagination by C. Wright Mills Mills is saying that to have S.I. is to understand that link. To understand the link between the Macro and the Micro. What up withShow MoreRelatedIntro to Sociology1018 Words   |  5 Pages1a. Define routinization: †¢ Routinization is the way people go about doing something. It’s a method to organize chaos and when practiced it accomplishes the goal quickly and effectively. There are different methods used, but ultimately routinization produces the desired result. 1b. Strategies in the ER: †¢ In the essay by Chambliss’ essay, â€Å"Just Another Routine Emergency†, we learn of the best strategies that are used in the ER’s across the USA to routinize chaos. One of the main strategiesRead MoreIntro to Sociology Essay664 Words   |  3 PagesSOC, 2nd Edition by Niki Benokraitis Study Worksheet – Chapter 1 Answer Key Thinking Like a Sociologist Matching Match the person or term with the appropriate description in the table below. |Max Weber |E |Macrosociology |I |Symbolic Interactionism |M | |Karl Marx |D |W.E.B. DuBois |G |Conflict Theory |K | |EmpiricalRead MoreIntro to Sociology Observation Essay1873 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Observation at Local Fast Food Restaurant During Lunch† Author: XXXXX XXXXX XXX University Introduction to Sociology â€Å"Observation at Local Fast Food Restaurant at Lunch† Have you ever tried listening to everything going on at the same time at a fast food restaurant during the lunch time rush hour? Well, I did and I am going to share the results of my whirlwind encounter last week. Within my observation, I will go over the layout of the establishment in which my observationRead MoreDisability Term Paper1491 Words   |  6 PagesINTRO TO SOCIOLOGY 1 Running head: DISABILITY TERM PAPER Disability Term Paper By Jose A. Rosario Student # 700316 Central Texas College For Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for SOCI 1301 Introduction to Sociology Submitted to Dr. Duffy December 7, 2010 INTRO TO SOCIOLOGY 2 INTRODUCTION This paper demonstrates that hitherto sociological analyses of disability have been theoretically and methodologically inadequate. It is written that sociology, in common with the other major contemporaryRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1324 Words   |  6 Pagesand Max Weber were influential sociologists that paved the way for modern sociological school of thought. Both, Karl Marx and Max Weber contributed a lot to the study and foundation of sociology. Without their contributions sociology would not be as prominent as it is today. 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Instead of blamingRead MoreMy Calling1181 Words   |  5 PagesExperimentation Research Senior Seminar x The Ancient World x Intro to Literature of the New Testament x Spanish I x Statistics for Social Sciences x Lifetime Fitness and Wellness x Music Appreciation x National Government x Survey of Math w/ Applications x Analysis of Text x New Student Seminar x Environmental Science x Development of Civilization x Intro to Speech Communication x Business Math x Composition I xRead MoreBriefly Outline the Distinctive Features of the Sociological Approach to Understanding Human Life and the Illustrate How You Would Use Sociology to Make Sense of Globalisation.1554 Words   |  7 PagesSociology is the systematic, sceptical and critical study of the way that people do things together .It’s not a science that simply lists facts and figures about society. Instead it becomes a form of consciousness, a way of thinking, a critical way of seeing the world. It welcomes you to challenge the obvious, to question the world as it is taken for granted and to de-familiarising the familiar. This is what empowers critical thinking which triggers the development of the understanding of the humanRead MoreFeminism Types and Definitions Liberal1287 Words   |  6 PagesLogin Plans Pricing How It Works Courses Degrees Schools Careers | Register Search Courses Lessons Feminism Types and Definitions: Liberal, Socialist, Culture Radical / Sex and Gender in Society / Sociology 101: Intro to Sociology / Social Science / Courses Like? Feminism Types and Definitions: Liberal, Socialist, Culture Radical Video Quiz Congratulations! You ve reached the last video in the chapter. Transcript Start the Next Chapter Race and Ethnicity Definitions: SocialRead MoreAgriculture Business and Management Essay example942 Words   |  4 Pagesfor export† (student scholarships 1). 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If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Sample of a Research Paper

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Analysis Of Origin Energy Limited

Questions: 1.Select a company listed in the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) and prepare a report covering aspects of the Management and directors of the company,Major shareholders,Compensation of directors and top executives,Key performance indicators and Evaluate the performance of the company? 2.Robert Alba just won the state lottery. He has been given the option of receiving either $62.9 million today or $5 million a year for the next 35 years, with the first payment paid today. Discuss the process that Robert should use to determine which payment option he prefers. Ignore all taxes and assume that Jesse will live for at least 40 more years? Answers: Introduction The assignment has taken origin energy limited for analysis. The company is formed by demerger of Boral limited which a conglomerate company is dealing into variety of products and services. The Origin energy limited is founded in 2000; it is headquartered in Sydney Australia. The chief executive officer of the company is Frank Calabria. The main business of the company is to deal in natural gas production and exploration, Australia Pacific, Queensland, Australia, energy retailing, and electricity generation. The company possesses 28th rank from 2000 company in Australia. Major part of the revenue is earned from supplying electricity supply in Australia industry. The given report describes about the management and directors of Origin energy limited, major shareholders. Here only those shareholders are considered who possess at least 5% of the shareholding in the company. The report provides a brief about the remuneration paid to its directors such as executive and non executive direc tors. Furthermore the report describes about the key performance indicators of the company. Here the report has focused on accounting and market in key performance indicators. At last the report provides conclusion in which it has concluded all the report in a summarized manner (Origin, 2016). 1. Management and directors of origin energy limited The board members of origin energy limited consist of executive and non executive directors. The executive directors of the company include: Grant King, Karen Moses, David Baldwin, Frank Calabria, G Mallet, D Bames and P Zealand. While the non executive director team consists of: S Perkins, S Sargent, R Norris, J Akehurst, M Brenner, G Claims, B Morgan, H Nugent and B Beeran. The non executive directors are responsible for audit, health, safety and environment (Origin, 2017). The executive directors are the members of the company and they held some responsibility in the firm. While in case of non executive directors are the member of the company but they do not held any responsibility in the company. However the legal responsibilities, liabilities and duties are same for both executive as well as non executive directors. Executive director held his/her position in executive board of the company, while non executive directors held his/her position in non executive board. Non executive directors aid the chairman and executive board in designing the effective strategies for the organization (Origin, 2010). Major shareholders Major shareholders are those shareholders who held at least 50% share holding in the company. These shareholders are also called as the owner of the company; these shareholders are majorly the key persons of the company such as chairman, chief executive officer, managing director, or promoter of the company. The reason behind such a high shareholding is to control the voting interest in the company. These shareholders impact the regular operations of the company by providing strategic and operational directions to the company management. The big shareholding is usually in case of large company or multinational company. In this analysis, the report has considered 5% shareholding of the origin energy limited. These shareholders are: HSBC Custody Nominees (Australia) Limited, JP Morgan Nominees Australia Limited, National Nominees Limited and Citicorp Nominees Pty Limited (IBIS world, 2016). The origin energy limited company has ordinary shares which ranges from 1-1000, 1000-5000, 5000-10000, 10000- 100000 and above 100000. The shareholding of such ranges are 74840, 75923, 12093, 6108, and 176 respectively. The bigger the range of shareholding in the company, it represents higher percentage. However following is a presentation over large shareholders which holds share in Origin energy limited of above than 5%. Shareholding pattern Name of shareholder Percentage HSBC Custody Nominees (Australia) Limited 17.92% JP Morgan Nominees Australia Limited 13.82% National Nominees Limited 9.66% Citicorp Nominees Pty Limited 4.76% Compensation of directors and top executives Compensation to the members of board and directors consists of a combination of fixed and variable pay. However the remuneration to be paid depends upon operating cash flows after tax, and earnings per share. The company pays two types of remuneration that is STI and LTI here STI is called as variable remuneration. This is because such remuneration is allowed after achieving of some set targets, while LTI is a fixed amount of pay. Following are the presentation of STI and LTI as paid by the company (Origin, 2016). The remuneration models of the company for its executive as well as non executive directors are as below: Remuneration table Executive director Name Basic pay Incentives Total G king 2478168 1393436 3871604 D Baldwin 1118480 1728243 2846723 F Calabria 1046655 1482536 2529191 G Mallet 84327 64352 148679 K Moses 1169595 1030558 2200153 D Bames 89094 221960 311054 P Zealand 605581 882892 1488473 Non Executive Director J Akehurst 239679 19500 259179 M Brenner 247680 19500 267180 G Claims 657680 52726 710406 B Morgan 275679 30303 305982 H Nugent 273680 19500 293180 S Perkins 188900 16280 205180 S Sargent 218679 19500 238179 B Beeren 61042 163591 224633 R Norris 56670 4688 61358 Key performance indicators The key performance indicators of the company are those factors which lead to competitive advantage for the company. It helps in achieving the business objectives of the company. In an organization there are two types of key performance indicators those are low performance indicators and high performance indicators. High performance indicators help in achieving the overall performance of the company, while low performance indicators are those which make their impact on company sales and revenue (Adedeji, 2014). The key performance indicators of the origin energy limited are natural gas, electricity and LPG. The company is considered as leading retailer of energy in Australia. It provides services to 4.2 million gas, electricity and energy accounts. The company is engaged in making its product and services as per technology such as compatible for roof top. Hence the company is engaged in making its products and services compatible for changing technology so to increase the brand image in the minds of consumer. The company by providing such facilities increases the loyalty and trust of consumer (Parmenter, 2015). In case of accounting, the key indicators of the company are in revenue, earnings before interest depreciation and tax and operating cash flow. The company has revenue in 2016 as 11.42 billion$ which is increased its revenue by 1% in comparison to previous year. In case of earnings before depreciation, interest and tax the company has $ 1.33 billion which has increased by 6% in comparison from previous year. While in case of operating cash flow the company has $1.39 billion which has increased in 2016 by 36%. Evaluation of the performance of the company For evaluation of financial performance the ratio that to be analyzed are: liquidity ratios, operating ratios, leverage ratio and investment ratio. In liquidity ratio, the report has made analysis of current ratio, quick asset ratio. In case of operating ratios, the report has considered operating return on investment, operating profit margin, total asset turnover. In leverage ratio, the report has calculated debt ratio, times-interest earned. While for shareholder return investment ratios are calculated, the report has calculated return on common equity, DuPont analysis of return on common equity (ROE). Current ratio: it describes the relationship between current assets and current liabilities of the company. It states that whether the current asset are sufficient to set off current liabilities of the company (Friedlob and Welton, 2008). Quick asset ratio: it is calculated by dividing quick asset from current liabilities. Quick asset are calculated by subtracting inventory from current assets. It defines the relationship between short term current asset and short term obligations of the company. Operation return on investment: this ratio is widely used due to its simplicity and versatility. Operating return on investment is calculated to find out the return on various investment made by the company. Operating profit margin: the ratio interprets the relationship between operating profits of the company and its net sales. Here operating profit is calculated by paying off the regular expenses of the organization (Nuhu, 2014). Total asset turnover: it describes the relationship between total assets and sales. It states the percentage of sales which can be earned by using total assets. Debt ratio: it is also called as solvency ratio; it is used to find out the relationship between total liabilities and total assets of the company. It interprets that whether the company has sufficient assets to fulfill all its liabilities (Tracy, 2012). Times-earned ratio: this ratio is also called as interest coverage ratio. It is used to find out the percentage of net profit that is used to pay off the interest expenses. It finds out the firms ability to pay off its interest liabilities and debt payment capability. Return on common equity: this ratio is used to find out the firms ability to generate profits from the capital invested by the shareholders. It can also be understood how much profit or earnings are made from the capital invested by the company shareholders (Business, 2016). DuPont analysis on common equity (ROE): it is an advanced version of return on equity. It is calculated by using net profit ratio, total asset turnover ratio, and debt ratio. This ratio is used to find out that whether the firm is earning sufficient net profits, whether it is using its net assets for generation of sales, and the financial leverages of the company (Dalabeeh, 2013). Origin energy limited Particulars Amount million$ Industry average 2016 2015 2014 current assets 3571 8321 3596 current liabilities 2889 5175 3709 inventory 248 239 287 quick assets 3323 8082 3309 operating income -177 -145 1200 total assets 28898 33367 31139 total liabilities 14368 19208 16010 interest expense 560 389 453 total equity 14530 14159 15129 net profit -576 -590 638 sales 11923 11893 14518 Ratio current ratio 1.24 1.61 0.97 quick asset ratio 1.15 1.56 0.89 operating return on investment -0.01 0.00 0.04 operating profit margin -0.01 -0.01 0.08 total asset turnover 0.41 0.36 0.47 0.44 debt ratio 0.50 0.58 0.51 2 times earned interest -0.32 -0.37 2.65 3.83 return on common equity -0.04 -0.04 0.04 Net profit ratio -0.05 -0.05 0.04 11.03 return on equity -0.01 -0.01 0.01 9.83 2. In the given case study Robert Alba has won a lottery in which he has given an option to either receive the 62.9 million$ today or to receive 5 million$ for 35 years. In the calculation done above, the formula for net present value is: (Arshad, 2012) Here: PV = present value C1= annual cash flow R = rate of return of present value N= number of years By analyzing the present value it is recommended that Robert should apply for the first option that is he should receive 62.9 million$ today rather than to receive 5 million$ for the next 35 years. The reason behind this is the difference in present value. In the given question, in absence of information it has been assumed that the present value factor is 10%. Hence by calculating net present value of equal cash flow of amount 5 million$ for 35 years, the present value comes out to be 48.22 million$, which is much lower than the total sum up money to be received today. Here the difference comes out as 14.68 million$ which is a great sum of money. Therefore it is recommended to Robert Alba to take the entire sum today only of 62.9 million$. Conclusion By analyzing over the report it has been analyzed that HSBC Custody Nominees (Australia) Limited has major shareholding in origin energy limited. The key performance indicators of the company are revenue, cost advantage, and technology. The company is highly committed towards winning the trust and loyalty of its customers. By analyzing the financial performances of the company it is concluded that current asset of the company has declined in 2016 due to fall in current assets in 2016 as compare to 2015. Due to negative operating profits in 2015 and 2016, the operating return, return on common equity, net profits has come out to be negative. By analyzing ratio with industry average it can be concluded that the company has good total asset turnover ratio, but in case of debt ratio, the company has very reduced debt ratio, which is due to high total assets. While in case of times earned interest, net profits and return on Equity Company is far back from industry standards. Hence by anal yzing all this, it is said that company must focus on its earning besides focusing on technological aspects, as earnings plays a considerable role in maintaining liquidity. While in case of Robert Alba, the entire sum as to be received today is recommended. References Adedeji, E, A,. (2014) A tool for measuring organization performance using ratio analysis, Research journal of finance and accounting, 5 (19), pp (16-22) Arshad, A,. (2012) Net present value is better than Internal rate of return, Interdisciplinary journal of contemporary research in business, Vol 4(8) Business. ( 2016) Analyze your finances: Financial Ratios. Retrieved from https://www.business.gov.au/info/run/finance-and-accounting/finance/analyse-your-finances-financial-ratios Dalabeeh, A, R,. (2013) The role of financial analysis ratio in evaluating performance (Case study: National chlorine industry), Interdisciplinary journal of contemporary research in business, 5(2), pp (13-28) Friedlob,G,T and Welton,R,E,. (2008) Keys to reading an Annual Report, Barrons Educational Series IBIS world,. (2016) Origin Energy Limited- Premium Company report Australia. Retrieved on 14th March, 2017 from https://www.ibisworld.com.au/australian-company-research-reports/electricity-gas-water-waste-services/origin-energy-limited-company.html Nuhu, M,. (2014) Role of ratio analysis in business decisions: A case study NBC Maiduguri plant, Journal of educational and social research, 4(5), pp (105-118) Origin,. (2010) Non-executive director remuneration. Retrieved on 14th March, 2017 from https://reports.originenergy.com.au/2010/shareholder_review/remuneration_report/non-executive_director/ Origin,. (2013) Investor information. Retrieved on 14th March, 2017 from https://reports.originenergy.com.au/2013/shareholder/investor-information/share-and-shareholder-information/ Origin,. (2016) Remuneration report. Retrieved on 14th March, 2017 from https://www.originenergy.com.au/content/dam/origin/about/investors-media/senate-submission-carbon-risk-disclosure-160331/remuneration_report_2016.pdf Origin,. (2016) Shareholders review. Retrieved on 14th March, 2017 from https://www.originenergy.com.au/about/investors-media/reports-and-results/shareholder-review.html Origin,. (2017) Board members. Retrieved on 14th March, 2017 from https://www.originenergy.com.au/about/investors-media/governance/board-members.html Origin,.(2014) Annual report 2014. Retrieved on 14th March, 2017 from https://www.originenergy.com.au/content/dam/origin/about/investors-media/annual-report-2014.pdf Origin,.(2016) Annual report 2016. Retrieved on 14th March, 2017 from https://www.originenergy.com.au/content/dam/origin/about/investors-media/full-year-results-appendix-4e-financial-statements-2016.pdf Parmenter, D,. (2015) Key Performance indicators: developing, implementing and using winning KPIs, John Wiley Sons, New Jersey Tracy, A. (2012). Ratio Analysis Fundamentals, Ratio analysis. Net

Race, Ethnicity and Crime

Table of Contents Introduction Discussion Conclusion Reference List Introduction Racism and ethnicity are one of the social evils that pose a big danger to the society. These are the main factors that have been contributing to crime in the contemporary world. Racial discrimination in America has a significant implication on crime in the region. Most of the racism in America has been between the whites against the blacks and vice versa. There are a number of incidences that has resulted into crime in the United States.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Race, Ethnicity and Crime specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discussion In many cases, most criminal activities in the United States are characterized by racism. Racism has resulted in a number of crimes, which has threatened security and peaceful co-existence among the people. There are a number of opposing issues concerning racism and disparity that has l ed to complication in the discussion of the issue of racism in the Criminal Justice System. For instance, there are economic differences among the people that have led to crime in the United States. It is possible to have people from different race on low income group and also on the high income groups. The larger the differences between the poor and the rich, the high are the chances of crime. We also have differences in terms of biological heredity, psychological and other factors that may influence ones tendency to engage in crimes. Racial differences have also led to crime in the United States. This can be explained through the discrimination that the vice has cultivated among the people. For instance, the idea that members of a certain group like the African Americans are more likely to commit a certain crime can lead to difficulties in fighting the vice. Similarly, the fact that the reason for doing so is psychological can also lead to serious difficulties. This is because the y tend to propose the inability of the public policy to solve these problems. This is unlike the social explanations where an individual can change through the public policy. From previous statistics, the results showed that the rate of arrests for the African Americans were higher than those in the other Americans (Anonymous, 2011). There are several historical incidences that can clearly illustrate the issue of racism in America. One of this was the racism against African Americans through the institution of slavery. During this period, African Americans were enslaved and treated like property (Randall, 1998). This incident led to undermining and persistent racism against Africans. Another incident in the history that can be used to demonstrate racism in America took place after the Mexican- American War in 1948 (Greenhaus and Parasuraman, 1990). During the period, Zoot Suit Riots clearly demonstrated the racism against Latinos. The Latin Americans were usually composed of people from different ethnic and racial backgrounds. This made them more prone to racism.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Recently, the issue of racism has raised major concerns in the study of the criminal justice. In America, there are a significant difference between the number of the black Americans and the white Americans arrested and prosecuted for various crimes. This has raised concerns on the criminal justice practices. There are a number of areas that differ in terms of races, a thing that may lead to differences in the criminal justice. One of these differences is the level of unemployment. Through racial discrimination, there is a significant difference in the level of unemployment in different racial groups. When the level of unemployment is high, the level of poverty is also high and therefore there are high chances of committing crimes. For instance, unemploye d person may engage in stealing due to lack of livelihood. Race may also lead to differences in political orientation. This leads to differences in the views among the people from different races. In some cases, some members from a certain group may feel that they are not properly represented. In such a situation, differing views may lead people to engage in criminal activities. The issue of the race and crime can easily be understood through the analysis of the criminal etiology or the breaking of law. Breaking of the law can either be explained from individual or social perspectives. From the individual perspective, the crime is caused by the characteristics that an individual possess. These include heredity defects, intelligence, and body type among others (Heaven and Hudson, 2011). On the other hand, crime is seen to be caused by social or psychological reasons. In my opinion, I believe that racism is of great importance in the criminal justice. This is because it has helped in explaining the patterns of crime in the society. Most of the criminal activities in the United States are rooted in the issues related to race. As already noted, previous statistics have revealed that certain groups of people in America are more likely to commit crime than others. It is therefore necessary to study in terms of race differences. People from a certain race may have varying social psychological differences. This can significantly influence the conduct of individuals. For instance, there are some tendencies that are common in a particular racial group but not prevalent in others. The concept of race has a significant implication on my future career as a police officer. To begin with, this may affect me through prejudice. As already seen, the past record has clearly revealed that there is more proportionate cases of criminals arrested and prosecuted from one racial group than the other (Lafree and Russell, 1993).Advertising We will write a custom research paper samp le on Race, Ethnicity and Crime specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, the past data has revealed that there are more cases of the African Americans engaged in crime. This may lead to a temptation of prejudice or bias in the process of executing duties. Due to intensification of the issue of racism in the society, I may also face the problem of undermining others. The citizens from other racial groups may be tempted to think that I am biased towards my race. Another way through which race can affect my future profession is through career advancement. In most cases, racism has been integrated in the work place. For instance, the senior managers are tempted to promote only those employees from their racial group. Racism may therefore affect me in my career as a police officer. Conclusion In summary, race and ethnicity has a significant implication on America’s criminal justice system. Racial differences have significantly affected the crime patterns among the people. For instance, there are more reported cases of criminals from a certain group arrested and prosecuted in court. This can be explained from both the personal and the social perspective. Individual’s personal differences can increase the possibility of engaging in a certain form of crime. Social and psychological factors can also increase the chances of engaging in crime. Reference List Anonymous. (2011). Race and Ethnicity – Race in U.S. Legal History, Native Americans, Black Americans and Crime, Policing and Minorities. Greenhaus, J. and Parasuraman, S. (1990). Effects of race on organizational experiences, job performance evaluations, and career outcomes. Azca\demy of Management Journal. 1990, Vol. 1, pp. 64-86. Heaven, O. and Hudson, B. (2011). ‘Race’, Ethnicity and Crime. Web. Lafree, G. and Russell, K.K. (1993). The Argument for Studying Race and Crime. Journal of Criminal Justice Education. 4, 273-289.Adv ertising Looking for research paper on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Randall, K. (1998). Race, Crime, and the Law. New York: Vintage Books. This research paper on Race, Ethnicity and Crime was written and submitted by user Jerome Herman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How does an increased surface area change the time taken for a mass to fall Essays

How does an increased surface area change the time taken for a mass to fall Essays How does an increased surface area change the time taken for a mass to fall Essay How does an increased surface area change the time taken for a mass to fall Essay The aim of this investigation is to find out how the change in surface area changes the time for a mass to fall at certain heights.To do this, I am going to use a large cup cake as a mass with a large surface area and a small cup to be the mass with a small surface area. They are going to both be the same mass to make this a fair test. The cup cakes are dropped at given heights and the time period will be the tine taken for it to reach the ground from when it starts to fall. With this, we can look at the times to see what affects the change in surface area has with a given mass.In my preliminary experiment, I am going to determine what mass is going to used, the minimum and maximum heights at which the cup cakes are going to be dropped for both and create a graph of the range of results to approximately know what range of results I should come up with when I am actually doing the experiment. The graph will determine what generally happens whilst the cup cakes fall and will show the a ffects that the different surface area has on them.Preliminary Work showing which variables we can study.Height (cm)Large cup cake Time to fall (seconds)Small cup cake Time to fall (seconds)123Average123Average600.650.750.630.680.480.590.580.55801.091.031.041.050.700.800.750.751051.231.251.291.260.900.870.890.891301.911.441.431.590.971.040.981.001551.561.651.711.641.091.001.101.061651.641.691.691.671.101.401.081.191751.641.711.751.701.011.071.011.031851.911.952.011.961.081.041.101.072002.112.052.092.081.151.211.211.19From this preliminary experiment, I have determined the minimum and maximum height at which the cup cakes are going to be dropped from and the mass of both cup cakes. It seems from these results; the higher the cup cakes are dropped at, the longer the time for it to reach the ground. The results seem reasonable at the mass we did this experiment at which was 0.33g. With this mass, it seems that it did not drop too fast or too slow. From looking at my preliminary resu lts, I have come up with my final variables:Maximum height = 260.00cmMinimum height =50.00cmMass of cup cake = 0.33g (for both cup cakes to make fair test)PredictionMy prediction is that the larger the surface area is, the longer the time will be taken for the mass to reach the ground. Also the object will accelerate until it reaches a constant velocity, where it will drop at approximately (with experimental error) the same velocity but this constant velocity will change for both cup cakes due to the its surface area. The larger cup cake with the larger surface area will drop with a slower constant velocity so therefore it will reach the floor in longer time periods. The small cup cake with the smaller surface area will reach the floor in a shorter time due to its surface area being smaller, therefore having a larger constant velocity. On the graph I will expect a little curve showing the acceleration of both cup cakes but will quickly end up in a straight line until it reaches the bottom. The gradient of the smaller cup cake will be steeper than the larger one due to its greater constant velocity. The scientific explanation is explained below.Background theoryTo explain what happens, we must use scientific evidence to prove this. First we must know about Newtons third law:Resultant force = Mass x Acceleration (f = m.a)In this experiment, mass is kept constant so it cannot affect the resultant force. This means the only variable to change the resultant force is acceleration. Therefore for the resultant force to increase, the acceleration of the cup cakes must increase. When the cup cake starts to fall at the very start, its resistance is 0.00N. The smaller cup cake will have a higher acceleration because due to its smaller surface area, it will have less friction in the air and higher resultant force. The air particles in the air collide with the cup cake as it falls down and if fewer particles are colliding with the cup cake, then it will have a higher accele ration, faster velocity and higher resultant force. As the air resistance increases, it will eventually equal the resultant force of the cup cake and will fall at a constant velocity. This is because air resistance increases with increase of velocity. This is known as terminal velocity. The small cup cake with a smaller surface area will fall at a faster terminal velocity because its air resistance (friction) is less great and therefore its acceleration is faster and so resultant force will be greater.Terminal velocity is achieved by Newtons 1st law: Balanced forces do not affect the movement of an object: it remains stationary. But in this case Newton also says if the object is already moving it continues to move at the same speed and in the same direction.Apparatus* Two 100.00cm rulers* 2.00g of plasticene* A large cup cake* A small cup cake* A stop watch* A Balance (to measure mass of cup cakes for fair test to 2 d.p.)* Sellotape* Right angled set squareMethod* Get all apparatus as listed above* Using a right angled triangle to make sure the ruler is 900 to the ground, place one 100cm ruler up against the wall and attach it to the wall firmly using sellotape.* Using the right angled triangle again, firmly attach the other 100cm ruler on top of the other 100cm to the wall using sellotape. The right angled triangle is used to keep the rulers at right angles to the ground so no anomalous results appear due to the rulers not being straight.* Place the large cup cake on the balance. It will be lighter then 0.33g. To make it to 0.33g which I am going to use for both cup cakes, add a little bit of plasticene at a time until it reaches 0.33g* Do the same as above but with the smaller cup cake to make it a fair test with both cup cakes being the same mass at 0.33g.* Remember to find the mass of the cup cakes each time before it is dropped to make sure it is a fair test.* Starting from 50.00cm, drop each cup cake 3 times so an average time can be recorded. Use the st opwatch to time how long it takes the cup cake to reach the ground. When dropping the cup cake, make sure it is dropped at exactly 50.0cm each turn by using the right angled set square level to the height. Measure from the bottom of the cup cake. Start the timer when it starts dropping immediately and stop the timer as soon as the bottom of the cup cake reaches the bottom. Each cup cake must be dropped in the same way, with its bottom facing the floor. Make sure the cup cakes are dropped straight and that no winds are affecting the results or any obstacles i.e. the wall and windows open. Record all observations.* Repeat the above up to 240.00cm going up 10.00cm each time and recording all observations. Put all results into a results table.* Make sure it is a fair test.ResultsMass used = 0.33g for both cup cakesHeights = 50.00cm going up 10.00cm to 240.00cm3 results were taken at each height for each cup cake to make an average result.SmallLargeTime (Seconds)Time (Seconds)Height drop ped from (cm)123Average123Average50.000.320.370.250.310.410.500.440.4560.000.430.320.370.370.680.630.630.6570.000.430.340.550.440.690.720.680.7080.000.430.430.320.390.740.810.820.7990.000.350.430.500.430.800.880.890.86100.000.750.530.650.641.010.981.011.00110.000.650.750.720.710.961.071.021.02120.000.780.630.780.731.181.171.141.16130.000.720.830.720.761.111.241.181.18140.000.910.870.780.851.121.211.241.19150.000.840.930.930.901.281.271.281.28160.000.820.930.820.861.321.291.291.30170.000.941.021.091.021.381.321.321.34180.001.091.131.111.111.681.701.641.67190.001.151.090.901.051.431.591.561.53200.001.091.291.151.181.651.561.651.62210.001.151.181.091.141.781.781.631.73220.001.101.321.151.191.721.661.701.69230.001.181.091.391.221.691.681.851.74240.001.331.211.391.311.871.961.921.92It appears that no anomalous results appeared in my tableAnalysisFrom looking at the graph, it shows that the higher the cup cake is dropped at, the longer the time it takes for it to reach the floor. It seems that from my figures and graph, if height doubles then time does not halve. There is no connection of doubling/halving at all. The large cup cake has taken longer to fall to the ground than the smaller cup as I predicted at given heights. This is because the larger surface area causes more friction with the air particles in the air giving it a larger air resistance. This means that the acceleration would be slower than the smaller cup cake as shown by the less steep curve at the start of the graph. Also the larger air resistance meant that its terminal velocity would be less great and therefore it will reach the ground through a longer period of time. The resultant force of the cup cake is due to this formula:Resultant force = Mass x AccelerationAs the mass is equal for both cup cakes, the only variable will be acceleration. Because of the larger air resistance, its acceleration is not as high and therefore its resultant force will not be high, hence the slower terminal velocity an d then its longer period of time to reach the floor.The terminal velocity is shown by the roughly drawn straight line as shown on graph for both cup cakes. My prediction is correct about this terminal velocity being reached because Newton says: if the object is already moving it continues to move at the same speed and in the same direction. This is made by the air resistance equalling the resultant force of the cup cake. The gradient of the two cup cakes are different. The large cup cake shows its terminal velocity was not as great as the smaller cup cake with its less steep gradient. My prediction proves correct that the larger cup cake was going to fall at a smaller terminal velocity due to its smaller acceleration and there smaller resultant force using the formula F = m.a.The graph also shows at the start the acceleration of the cup cakes were being made by the little curves drawn on the graph. The gradient of the smaller cup cake is steeper which indicates that it had a higher acceleration than that of the larger cup cake, scientifically proven above by its smaller surface area.EvaluationIt seems from my results and the graphs well fitted line that the experiment went very well. The method used does seem to be quite accurate but may be altered to improve the experiment so further investigation can occur. The accuracy of my results do seem pretty good as shown by the good fit of the line on the graph and no anomalous results appearing in graph or table. I do not think more accurate results will alter much of my results but if I wanted to make this experiment even better, I can use apparatus that will measure my results more accurately as I will further explain later.My method does seem to perform the experiment with many precautions as I always checked the constant qualities all the time. Each set of reading was done in the same way, with a right angled triangle to make sure that the bottom of the cup cake was level with the height given, the mass was cons tantly checked, that the cup cake was dropped bottom first and that no interference of wind etc. affected the results.One method that might have altered some results is the reaction time of stopping the timer when the cup cakes hit the floor and also the reaction time to start the clock when it first drops. This may alter some results dramatically but it seems it has not in this investigation but to make it more accurate; we could use sensors to know when it starts dropping and know when it reaches the ground. Starting and stopping the stopwatch with your reaction time of yourself can make the results very inaccurate.Some repeated values were a little bit off than the others but were not that dramatic. This is probably due to the reaction time of starting and stopping the stopwatch as stated above and could be improved. The range of readings may have also been improved by making more readings at the start when the cup cake is first released. This could give more detail and informati on how much more the smaller cup cake accelerates than the larger cup cake. There is no point in making range of readings more than 240.0.cm because from using scientific evidence, we know that terminal velocity will carry on until it reaches a halt on the ground. To improve data, more readings may have been taken. Instead of taking readings every 10.00cm, we could have taken readings every 5.00cm to produce more data so we could reinforce our conclusion.

Color and Light Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Color and Light - Research Paper Example On the other hand, black objects absorb all colors thereby reflecting no colors at all. This is the reason the eyes only see the black color. This is the main reason scientists consider black, not a color since it is a representation of no color. Therefore, the human eye can see the various colors due to the reflection caused by the lit objects. In other word, there would be no color if there were no light since it is through the light that objects can reflect color. Everything seems black at night due to the absence of light. Light is a term commonly used to refer to the visible spectrum. This spectrum is a range of wavelengths that form the part of electromagnetic spectrum. That visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum ranges from 380 nm to 750 nm. Each and every wavelength corresponds to a color of the spectrum. Notably, light rays contain colors. The electromagnetic light waves travel at tremendous speeds of about 186,000 miles per second. However, the different colors have different wavelengths .The longest wavelength any human eye can see is red while the shortest is violet. However, some animals such as bees and birds can see longer wavelength such as the ultraviolet light. Human eyes cannot see such light since they cannot feel the heat generated by such wavelengths. In inertia, color is carried by light, the electromagnetic waves but the color sensations are subject to many other influences that make the quantitative description complex to describe. Light wavelengths differ and therefore they result in the production of different colors (Riley, 76-100). For instance, X-rays have short wavelengths. On the contrary, these shorter wavelengths constitute vast amounts of energy. Light constitute visible light that moves in a more medium wavelength, a reason people can see the light. People tend to think of objects as containing

US foreign policy and history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

US foreign policy and history - Essay Example The American Civil War of 1861 - 1865 remains the most severe military action the US has been involved in. That war between the North and South would have great consequence upon the political, economic, military, and social life of the country.Although these consequences have been discussed by several generations of American and foreign historians, the debate is still far from being over.Politically, the War resolved arguably the key problem that persisted since the American Revolution of 1776: it proved that the republic is capable of coping with both external and internal threats. Until the War many predicted that the US would follow the same pattern many republics did in the 18th and 19th centuries: either collapse into tyranny or suffer a series of overthrows and devastating civil wars. The victory of the North in the War unified the nation and convincingly proved the United States' viability as a federal republic: since the War ended in 1965, no state has attempted secede from t he federation (McPherson, 1989). Besides, the War eliminated any doubts regarding supremacy of the Federal government over the states' authorities. Another critically important outcome of the Civil War was abolishment of the slavery. The 13th Amendment, establishing the Freedmen's Bureau (March 1865) which provided food, medical aid, and education to freed people, the Civil Rights Act of 1866 which granting citizenship to blacks and authorized the federal government to protect their rights, and the 14th Amendment - these critically important documents have become the direct outcome of the Civil War. Evidently, the emancipation of 4 million slaves strongly affected economic life, social relations, and military institutions - literally each sphere of life - but in the first turn this accomplishment of the victors should be addressed as a political issue due to the following reasons. In the middle of the 19th century, the United States was powerful enough to equally compete with many E uropean countries and be regarded as an influential international force. However, legalized slavery - an ugly anachronism of the Dark Ages - seriously undermined the country's reputation in the eyes of European countries (Brinkley et al, 1991). Although the legislative amendments failed to immediately win equal rights for black citizens, emancipation of slaves raised international prestige of the United States as a civilized country. One of the most often admitted reasons for the Civil War was determination of the South to preserve their traditional agrarian society based upon labor of slaves. Although the system brought large profits to the Southern slavocracy, it represented a huge contrast with the capitalist North were wage labor prevailed, which slowed down development of capitalism in the United States (McPherson, 1989). The Northern victory removed that harmful contrast, finally caused the Industrial Revolution in the South, and turned the American economic system homogeneous thus opening the way for further development of capitalist relations in the country. The War also stimulated the Northern industry. Producers of arms, munitions, canneries and meat packers made striking profits during the four years of war. A number of farmers had to take weapons and change their traditional occupation while the army required a lot of farm products -that combination of circumstances stimulated development of the farm machine industry and growing prosperity of Northern farmers. However, when the War was over, the farmers found out that rapid onset of new technical devices coupled with availability of new lands in the South dropped prices for the agricultural production. Many authorities admit that precisely at that time American farmers lost much of their former independence (Brinkley et al,

Chinas Take Over Of Hong Kong History Essay

Chinas Take Over Of Hong Kong History Essay The peoples of Republic of china took over Hong Kong in 1997.China had promised to keep a capitalist economy in Hong Kong for 50 years. Still, many Hong Kong business people (and their families) have migrated to other nation such as Canada and Australia. Discuss the impact of this situation on Chinas Political and Social environment. Introduction Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and maintains a high degree of autonomy except in matters of defense and foreign affairs. It has well-established institutions that support the rule of law and a vigorous civil society. The Basic Law, the SARs constitution, was approved by the PRC in 1990. It provides for the protection of fundamental rights and calls for progress toward universal suffrage and further democratization after a 10-year period, starting with Hong Kongs July 1, 1997, reversion to Chinese sovereignty. The Chief Executive is chosen by an 800-person selection committee composed of individuals who are either directly elected, indirectly elected, or appointed. The Chief Executive supervises a cabinet of principal officers whom he appoints. The power of the Legislative Council (legislature) is significantly circumscribed by the Basic Law. The legislature is composed of 24 directly elected members representing geographic districts, 30 indirectly elected members representing functional (occupational) constituencies, and 6 members elected indirectly by an election committee. It was the economic and social forces unleashed in 1979 in Chinas open door policy and Hong Kongs response to them that may ultimately determine their fate. Given the disparity in the level of economic development and the differences in the economic system between Hong Kong and the mainland, there are obvious benefits to greater integration and this entails making the border more permeable. Managing the permeability of the border has to become an integral part of all economic and social policies within Hong Kong as the two matters will have implications for each other. The period prior to 1949 was one where there was perfect permeability and standards of living were similar between Hong Kong and the mainland. The period between 1949 and 1979 was one where there was essentially no or very limited permeability and standards of living were therefore permitted to diverge between the mainland and Hong Kong. In both periods the government was able to pursue a laissez faire system without any fundamental inconsistency. This is no longer the case with the opening of China. Summary China Take over in a Hong Kong in 1997, there was a carnival atmosphere. In another, a somber rally and March followed by a candlelight vigil. Its clear that one year before China takes control; the people of Hong Kong are divided in their feelings. A period of more than 150 years of British colonial rule ends at midnight on June 30, 1997 when Hong Kong and its 6,000,000 people will be handed over to China. Despite a warning that they will not be allowed to enter China, seven elected Hong Kong officials vowed to go ahead with a trip to Beijing. They will be carrying a 50,000 signature petition protesting Chinas plans to replace the legislature with an appointed body. We are afraid that our free lifestyles, the rule of law, will not be preserved after 1997, pro democracy legislator Emily Lau told the cheering, clapping crowd. Governor Chris Patten urged Hong Kong residents to standup for their freedoms. . Nominal GDP, Per Capita GDP and Foreign exchange rates were all on the increasing side. Due to high exports between 1994-1997 and imports their trade balance has been at a surplus causing their nominal GDP to increase through out the years. Nominal GDP million US$ 1994 130,808, in 1995 139,238 and in 1997 173,045. From 1994-1997 Hong Kongs foreign currency reserves increased exponentially from $49.3 billion in 1994 to $92.8 billion in 1997. The reason for this increase is primarily due to a very well managed trade balance. The interest rate environment in Hong Kong provided an excellent backdrop for the equity markets. MIGRATION IN HONGKONG The peoples of Republic of china took over Hong Kong in 1997 and promised to keep a capitalist economy in Hong Kong for 50 years. However, many Hong Kong people have migrated to other countries. From 1984 to 1997, due to the uncertainty of the transition back to China, thousands of well-educated and wealthy Hong Kong citizens moved to countries such as Australia, Canada, and the United States, where they obtained permanent residency status or citizenship. 1 CAUSE OF MIGRATION .Difference in economy system in china and hong kong China is a communist country where socialist economy system holds while the people of hong kong followed capitalist economy . Fear in the stability of government People of Hong kong where worried regarding stability of government so they migrated to other nations. Competition in market Due to the implementation of capitalist economy in Hong kong many big and reputed companies headed towards hong kong and thus the competition of the market became tough. Thus it was very difficult for some business people to continue their business effectively. Corruption is a major problem:- Corruption in Chinese government was one of the major cause that people of hong kong was afraid of. They were not satisfied with the policy of Chinese government where corruption exists. Unsecure future The business people thought that their future was not secure as the government had implemented the law for only for 50 years and so it might happened that their next generation might have to struggle and face the socialist economy. The working class worried that 1997 might usher in chaos and the middle class fears the loss of property and freedom. Freedom of migration Hong Kong residents being free to move in and out of the territory, and they do not have to declare the purpose of their movements to the authorities. This freedom of movement, much valued by the local population, has been enshrined in the Sino-British Joint Declaration about the future of Hong Kong beyond 1997.There was no rule of giving any reasons for the migration to any authority PEST Analysis: . 1. POLITICAL ANALYSIS Prior to July 1, 1997, Hong Kong was a British dependent territory. A British-appointed governor, representing the British crown, headed the Hong Kong government and exercised authority over civil and military matters. An Executive Council advised the governor on all important matters and a 60-member Legislative Council (known as Legco) enacted laws and oversaw the budget. With the territorys transfer to China in 1997, leadership passed from the last British governor, Chris Patten, to a Chinese chief executive, Tung Chee-hwa A The British control of Hong Kong began in 1842, when China was forced to cede Hong Kong Island to Britain after the First Opium War. In 1984 Britain and China signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration, which stipulated that Hong Kong return to Chinese rule in 1997 as the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China . China is in a state of transition now. Being a socialist country, it has carefully changed its political system in recent years, while dramatic changes have taken place in its economic system. In 1979, China started its open policy and economic reform. The Chinese government persisted on carrying out the political guideline of developing economy and enriching Chinese The Joint Declaration and a Chinese law called the Basic Law, which followed in 1990, provide for the SAR to operate with a high degree of economic autonomy for 50 years beyond 1997 B people. Legal System The governments efforts to promote rule of law are significant and ongoing. After the Cultural Revolution, Chinas leaders aimed to develop a legal system to restrain abuses of official authority and revolutionary excesses. In 1982, the National Peoples Congress adopted a new state constitution that emphasized the rule of law under which even party leaders are theoretically held accountable C. 2. ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS Hong Kongs prosperous economy is reflected in the lifestyle of its people. They have one of the highest standards of living in all of Asia, and it is more than 30 times higher than Chinas average standard of living. In 2006 Hong Kongs per capita gross domestic product (GDP) was $27,679.20, although much of the wealth is concentrated into relatively few hands D. Foreign Investment Chinas investment climate has changed dramatically in a quarter-century of reform. In the early 1980s, China restricted foreign investments to export-oriented operations and required foreign investors to form joint-venture partnerships with Chinese firms. Foreign direct investment (FDI) grew quickly during the 1980s, but slowed in late 1989 in the aftermath of Tiananmen. However, the Chinese Governments emphasis on guiding FDI into manufacturing has led to market saturation in some industries, while leaving Chinas services sectors underdeveloped. China is now one of the leading FDI recipients in the world, receiving over $80 billion in 2007 according to the Chinese Ministry of Commerce E. FOREIGN RELATIONS Since its establishment, the Peoples Republic has worked vigorously to win international support for its position that it is the sole legitimate government of all China, including Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. In the early 1970s, Beijing was recognized diplomatically by most world powers. Beijing assumed the China seat in the United Nations in 1971 and has since become increasingly active in multilateral organizations. Japan established diplomatic relations with China in 1972, and the United States did so in 1979. As of March 2008, the number of countries that had diplomatic relations with Beijing had risen to 171, while 23 maintained diplomatic relations with Taiwan F. Hong Kongs greatest growth and development occurred after the Communist takeover of China in 1949, when the commercial and shipping functions of Guangzhou and Shanghai shifted to Hong Kong.. Hong Kong served as Chinas window to the world during the Chinese administration of Mao Zedong. After Maos death in 1976, Hong Kongs role as a banker to China, and as its supplier of information, technology, and capital, intensified G. The Impact of Chinas Entry into WTO on Car Industry China is successful in attracting foreign investment. of income tax. On the other hand, the Chinese car industry has been protected by special policies that limit foreign investment. According to the current Chinese policy on motor industry, Ford will establish a joint venture with 50% share with Chang An Automobile Company in Sichuan Province. Chang An Automobile Company is the 3rd largest car manufacturer in China, which has the experience of car-making for more than 20 years. 3. SOCIAL CULTURAL ANALYSIS China is a multinational country, with a population composed of a large number of ethnic and linguistic groups. The Han (Chinese), the largest group, outnumber the minority groups or minority nationalities in every province or autonomous region except Tibet and Xinjiang. The Han, therefore, form the great homogeneous mass of the Chinese people, sharing the same culture, the same traditions, and the same written language. For this reason, the general basis for classifying the countrys population is largely linguistic rather than ethnic. Some 55 minority groups are spread over approximately three-fifths of the countrys total area. Where these minority groups are found in large numbers, they have been given some semblance of autonomy and self-government; autonomous regions of several types have been established on the basis of the geographic distribution of nationalities. H Education is free and compulsory for all children from the age of 6 to 15, and adult literacy is over 90 percent.. The Hong Kong Academy of Performing Arts offers courses in dance, music, theater, and technical arts. There are also more than a dozen technical institutes, technical colleges, and teacher-training colleges, which have large numbers of part-time students I. RECOMMENDATIONS China has experienced a stable political system (which is considered totalitarian) with rapid economic growth for more than 10 years, but some political risks still exist. The Chinese government is still insisting on its communist and totalitarian policy, there is no guarantee that China will continue to its open policy and maintain the rapid GNP increase. China also has an unsatisfied human right record; corruption exists in some economical activities in China, all these will be obstacles to foreign investment. Although the legal system of China is adequate to protect foreign investment, the violation of laws by some local authorities will be a potential risk to our investment. Entry Time and procedure Although the car industry is declining in the US and Europe, it is still a suitable time for Ford Motor Company to invest in China. As the 2nd largest car manufacturer in the world, Ford had been waiting patiently to enter the Chinese Market for more than 20 year. Some other world-famous car manufacturers (such as Volkswagen, General Motor, Toyota, etc.) had already started their business years ago, but we do not consider that it is too late to enter the Chinese family car market. Ford has been producing its Transit van in China for many years. The productivity and sales are not as good as expected because of the high cost (price) and limited production. . CONCLUSION Its my first pleasure to do something special kind of project related to Business Environment. With the help of this project I able to learn few special things that was really fantastic and completely unknowing before completion of this project. This experience was really outstanding . This essay applies a historical-institution approach to assess the impact of this situation on Chinas legal and political institutions. In each case historical and institutional trends are described, and the effects of legality on these trends are examined. The topics include changes in economic structure and the rate of growth of GDP, formal legal institutions and legal behavior of the Chinese people, and the forces toward the development of democratic political institutions.

Mythical Pasts: Ethiopianism as a Revitalization Movement :: essays papers

Mythical Pasts: Ethiopianism as a Revitalization Movement Throughout history, identification with Ethiopian heritage has been a familiar concept to the Jamaicans who have suffered under slavery, colonialism and social oppression. This concept of "Ethiopianism" includes the appreciation of Ethiopia’s ancient civilization as well as its profound role in the Bible and world history. It has long been manifested in Jamaican culture as a means to identify with a glorious, righteous, and perhaps the earliest of all human civilization. Anthropologist Anthony F.C. Wallace has focused much of his research on the phenomena of Revitalization Movements throughout social history. He has recognized that such movements are characterized by a uniform process and can be defined as "a deliberate, organized, conscious effort by members of a society to construct a more satisfying culture" (Wallace 265). Considering the centuries of severe struggle amongst Jamaican society, from the inhumane conditions of slavery to modern neocolonialism on the island, it seems evident as to why the revitalization of the Ethiopian homeland would be present in the culture and even accelerated within the Rastafarian Movement. Prominent leaders and the circumstances of the times have allowed Ethiopianism to flourish amongst the oppressed masses of Jamaica and gain popular recognition through the lyrics of reggae music. There is no doubt that this identification with historical Ethiopia has served as a Revitalization Movement for Rastafarians within Jamaican culture and society. It would be impossible to understand the Rastafarian connection to Ethiopianism without first exploring at least a brief history of this ancient civilization. This historical root in a thriving civilization is especially important to discover as Blacks have unjustifiably been regarded as "uncivilized" throughout the centuries. I hope that the following will prove that today, Africans all over the world are descendents of what was once a very highly developed civilization in what is now Ethiopia. However, white populations have attempted throughout history to deny this fact. European scholars of the nineteenth century claimed that those who occupied the area in ancient times were not Negroes but Hamites; this attempt was made in hope of scientifically proving that whites are the origin and basis of all civilization (Barrett 70). African descendents have suffered for centuries due to this "de-negrification" of Blacks and those confusing racial classifications assigned by Whites. The fa ct that the Ethiopian civilization was indeed a Black one is strongly supported with a quick insight into ancient Hebrew language.

Articles of Confederation provided the United States with an effective government Essay

Using the documents and your knowledge of the period, evaluate this statement. From 1781 up until 1789 the United States government was based off of the principles of the Articles of Confederation which were created after the Revolutionary War. The articles of confederation created a republic which limited its leaders from much of the powers needed in order to successfully govern the country. This lead to many state disputes, and political struggles. On the contrary, the Articles set up a framework for the U.S. Constitution that lead to a strong centralized government and the prosperity of the United States. The limits put forth by the Articles of Confederation led to state and political disputes, and foreign affairs, but it also had strong and effective characteristics to support a government. The Articles of Confederation’s strong views of a republic and steps set up to avoid autocracy lead to many disputes in the states. Fresh off of the war for independence with Britain, the founding fathers wrote the Articles of Confederation to ensure that their new independent country would not resemble the Autocracy that they had just liberated themselves from, so the created a republic. Their first attempt, the Articles of Confederation, caused many problems throughout the country. A major problem causer was the clause that majority vote had to be achieved in order to pass a law. This was a major problem between states for instance a letter from Rhode Island to congress stated, † I enclose their unanimous resolution [to reject] the recommendation of congress, respecting their impost on imported goods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (document a) . Rejections of laws were a major problem between states at the time because some laws would benefit states in the south but not the north making it very difficult to pass a majority vote. One states interests could effect another’s simply by rejecting to vote. Another major  problem with the government the articles set up was their inability to make any revenue. Since the national government did not have the power to tax states they had very little. The quote by a former soldier of the revolution, â€Å"Every class of public creditors must know the inability of congress to pay their demands, unless furnished by the means of several states†¦ (doc C)† shows Congress’ lack of money and their inability to supply the people with what they need. In order to successfully run a government money is needed and the articles of confederation made it very difficult for congress to make any. In John Jays letter to George Washington, his fear of the government collapsing due to lack of money and power make known the problems the Articles of Confederation have brought upon the nation. † †¦We are going and doing wrong, and therefore I look forward to evils and calamities, but without being able to guess at the instrument, na ture or measure of them†¦(doc G)† Jay predicts that if the country stays on the path it is heading, the rich and powerful will obtain more power then the government leading to the complete failure of the articles of confederation. While many changes were made by the Articles of Confederation in order separate their habits from that of Great Britain, it caused many disputes between the states and federal government. After the Revolution and the Creation of the Articles of Confederation, foreign affairs began occurring quite frequently. After the war with Britain, exports between the United States and Britain decreased from around 6 million dollars to around 4 million and stayed their consistently from 1784 to 1792 (Doc B) . The decrease of trade was a major problem for a new country in the beginning stages of development, and also the population was rising each year which lead to a greater demand of trade goods and foods. Another foreign affair that arose was loyalists who had left the country for safety wanted payment of debts owed to them before the war. Under the articles of confederation they were not required to receive former debts and Britain was required to cede all territories in their limits to the U.S. (doc D) The demands ensuing to the war lead Britain, France, and Spain to restrict U.S. trade with their territories. Foreign affairs also arose with Spain for they had control of much of the land west of the Mississippi River. Another speech by John Jay, this time to Spain’s minister Diego de  Gardoqui, tells of Americans ambitious of expanding westward and that the jump to use the Mississippi and its territories are imminent. Minister Gardoqui disagrees and feels the people are 15-20 years away from wanting to move west.(doc F) Since their is no restriction in the Articles of Confederation to move west, like their was by Britain in the Proclamation of 1763, this causes a problem between Spain and the U.S. The Articles of Confederation lead to many foreign affairs following its establishment in 1781. Though many problems arose stemming from the Articles of Confederation it also had its positive affects towards the united states government. The main goal of congress when writing the document was to limit the power of the federal government and leave the power in the hands of the people. It may have limited the power of congress to much too large of an extent but it succeeded in limiting the government. Also the fundamental rights of the people, policy on foreign affairs, and establishment of a democratic republic created a sturdy framework for the U.S. Constitution which is still prominent today. The belief that the Articles of Confederation made a solid structure for the Constitution was shown by Rawlin Lowndes in his speech to the South Carolina State of Representatives. The quote by Lowndes, † I solemnly called on the house to consider whether it would not be better to add strength to the old confederation, instead of hastily adapting another; asking whether a man could be looked on as wise, who, possessing a magnificent building, upon discovering a flaw, instead of repairing the injury, should pull it down†¦(doc H)†. Lowndes describes the Articles of Confederation as a â€Å"magnificent building† that has minor flaws that easily could be repaired into a strong basis of government. The Articles of Confederation have the right concepts, they just need some improvements to overcome the many problems associated with them. Between 1781 and 1789 the Articles of Confederation set up an effective means of government that worked well for the short time it was in use, but it also developed problems between states, politics, and foreign affairs. In the documents, problems were brought up describing the limited power congress had, and the troubles between the U.S, Britain, and Spain. These  problems lead to the reformation of the Confederation after 1789 in which the U.S constitution was born.